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Relationship with Cancer

Children with overweight and obesity often become adults with one of the same conditions, and in adulthood, both overweight and obesity are linked with an increased risk of several types of cancer as well as other serious health conditions, like heart disease.

For those reasons, the P站视频 recommends that people try to get to and stay at a healthy weight throughout their lives.

State efforts to help:

report recommends that state and local governments: 

• Let schools keep the flexibility to expand access to nutrition for students—second-chance breakfasts, breakfast-on-the-go, and breakfasts in classrooms.

• Reduce unhealthy food marketing to children at the local level: Prohibit coupons, sales, and advertising around schools, and ban sugary drink brands as sponsors of youth sporting events.

• Expand the Every Kid Outdoors program for 4^th graders—a free-entry to federal park pass—to more grades and to state-managed parks.

Relationship with Cancer

According to research from the P站视频, in the United States, about 5% of cancers in men and about 11% of cancers in women are linked to having excess body weight (overweight or obesity). Excess body weight is also linked with about 7% of all cancer deaths.  

State efforts to help:

 report recommends state and local governments:  

• Implement a living wage policy to meet needs for food, childcare, health insurance, housing, transportation, while maintaining self-sufficiency.

• Ensure access to evidence-based comprehensive obesity prevention and treatment programs by reversing cuts to Medicaid and health insurance marketplace subsidies.

• Use waivers or state plan amendments to allow Medicaid or managed care organizations to reimburse community-based organizations for chronic disease prevention activities, such as fruit and vegetable prescriptions.

Relationship with Cancer

Some research suggests that female teens who have excess weight may have a higher risk for developing ovarian cancer before menopause.

State efforts to help:

report recommends that state and local governments: 

Cover pediatric weight management and obesity-related services in Medicaid and expand those services to include:

• Obesity medications
• Bariatric surgery
• Obesity and nutritional counseling from registered dietitians and other professionals

Relationship with Cancer

Excess body weight is linked with an increased risk of developing cancer in the:

• Breast (in women past menopause)
• Colon and rectal
• Endometrium (the inside lining of the uterus)
• Esophagus
• Gallbladder
• Kidney
• Liver
• Ovarian
• Pancreas
• Stomach
• Thyroid

Excess weight also increases the risk of:

• Meningioma (a tumor in the lining of the brain and spinal cord)
• Multiple myeloma (a blood cancer that starts in bone marrow.)

State efforts to help reduce obesity:

report, recommendations for state and local governments specific to youth include: 

Covering adult weight management and obesity-related services in Medicaid and expand those services to include:

• Obesity medications
• Bariatric surgery
• Obesity and nutritional counseling from registered dietitians and other professionals
• Family-Based Behavioral Treatment programs

Relationship with Cancer 

Sitting or lying down too much while awake can raise the risk of developing cancer in the:

• Colon
• Lung
• Uterus

Strategies that state public health agencies may use:

Forming partnerships within a community's businesses, health-care organizations, and schools to create activity-friendly policies on community planning and zoning, public spaces, and transportation.

The goal: Connect safe routes for walking, biking, and using public transportation to everyday destinations like homes, worksites, schools, parks, and shops. 

Relationship with Cancer

HPV vaccination provides nearly total protection against infections and precancers caused by cancer-related types of the human papillomavirus, including cancers in the:

• Mouth
• Throat
• Cervix
• Vagina
• Penis
• Anus 

State approaches to increase HPV vaccine uptake:

• School entry requirements (SERs) for HPV vaccination specifically and for vaccinations in general, as a spillover effect. Gender-neutral policies showed better results than female-specific mandates.

• Medicaid expansion

Benefit of Screening 

Screening for cervical cancer can detect and remove precancers before cancer develops. Screening can also find cancer in its early stages, when it is most treatable. Half of cervical cancers are found in women who have never had a Pap test or who have not had one recently.

State approaches to increase screening:

All 50 states have the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP), which is focused on increasing screening access for women without health insurance, with low incomes, and who are part of underserved populations. States may expand the national program via their state Cancer Prevention and Control Programs and Departments of Health.

States have increased the uptake of cervical cancer screening by:

• Using phone calls, letters, and texts to women to remind them about screening.

• Offering extended hours for Pap tests.

• Providing culturally sensitive education about risk factors, family history, genetic counseling, and healthy choices.

Benefit of Screening 

Screening with colonoscopy can find precancerous polyps in the colon or rectum that can be removed before they turn into cancer.

Screening also helps find colorectal cancer at an early stage, when treatment works best. When people have screening colonoscopies, deaths from colorectal cancer are reduced by half.

State approaches to increase screening include:

• Eliminating costs for colonoscopy after a positive non-invasive screening test, such as an FOBT

• Expanding Medicaid

Benefit of Screening

Screening for lung cancer by getting a yearly low-dose CT scans when they are recommended can detect cancer at an earlier stage when it's more treatable and reduce the risk of dying from lung cancer by about 20%.

State approaches to increase screening include:

• Not requiring people to have to pay for screening—even small copays

• Removing insurance barriers, such as requiring prior authorization, which may be accomplished by expanding Medicaid access.

• Using mobile screening units to improve access in underserved areas. 

Recommendation

For now, the P站视频 recommends that men learn as much as they can about prostate cancer screening, so they can make an informed decision about whether to get a PSA test based on available information, discussions with their health care provider, and their own views on the possible benefits, risks, and limits of screening.

State approaches to increase screening: 

Eliminating out-of-pocket costs, such as copays and deductibles for prostate cancer screening, and in some cases, for diagnostic tests after screening.